Goldman Sachs says generative A.I. could impact 300 million jobs — here's which ones
Artificial intelligence could automate up to a quarter of work in the U.S., a Goldman Sachs report says. Here's the most affected sectors and countries.
JimMin
Artificial intelligence could automate up to a quarter of work in the U.S., a Goldman Sachs report says.
Dowell | Moment | Getty Images
As artificial intelligence products like ChatGPT aim to become a part of our everyday lives and we learn more about how powerful they can be, there's one thing on everyone's mind: how AI could impact jobs.
"Significant disruption" could be on the horizon for the labor market, a new Goldman Sachs report dated Sunday said. The bank's analysis of jobs in the U.S. and Europe shows that two-thirds of jobs could be automated at least to some degree.
In the U.S., "of those occupations which are exposed, most have a significant — but partial — share of their workload (25-50%) that can be replaced," Goldman Sachs analysts said in the resarch paper.
Around the world, as many as 300 million jobs could be affected, the report says. Changes to labor markets are therefore likely – although historically, technological progress doesn't just make jobs redundant, it also creates new ones.
The use of AI technology could also boost labor productivity growth and boost global GDP by as much as 7% over time, Goldman Sachs' report noted.
The jobs most and least affected by A.I. automation
Certain jobs will be more impacted than others, the report explains. Jobs that require a lot of physical work are, for example, less likely to be significantly affected.
In the U.S., office and administrative support jobs have the highest proportion of tasks that could be automated with 46%, followed by 44% for legal work and 37% for tasks within architecture and engineering.
The life, physical and social sciences sector follows closely with 36%, and business and financial operations round out the top five with 35%.
On the other end of the scale, just 1% of tasks in the building and ground cleanings and maintenance sector are vulnerable to automation. Installation, maintenance, and repair work is the second least affected industry with 4% of work potentially being affected, and construction and extraction comes third from the bottom with 6%.
Data for Europe is slightly broader, but paints a similar picture with clerical support roles being most affected as 45% of their work could be automated, and just 4% of work in the crafts and related trades sector being vulnerable.
Overall, 24% of work in Europe could be automated — just below the 25% average in the U.S.
The countries most affected
These figures shift when looking at automation through AI on a global scale.
"Our estimates intuitively suggest that fewer jobs in EMs [emerging markets] are exposed to automation than in DMs [developed markets], but that 18% of work globally could be automated by AI on an employment-weighted basis," the Goldman Sachs report said.
According to the bank's analysis, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Sweden and the U.S. are likely to be the top five most affected countries. Meanwhile, employees in mainland China, Nigeria, Vietnam, Kenya and, in last place, India, are the least likely to see their work being taken over by AI technology.
But while the data shows that AI will undoubtedly impact the labor market, it's not yet clear how disruptive it will really be, the report concludes.
"The impact of AI will ultimately depend on its capability and adoption timeline," it says, adding that two key factors will be how powerful AI technology really becomes and how much it is used in practice.
