UK borrowing costs soar day after Labour government unveiled tax-raising budget

LONDON — U.K. bond yields spiked sharply Thursday after the ruling Labour Party unveiled a sweeping package of tax hikes and increased borrowing.

The 2-year gilt yield had jumped 20 basis points by 2:33 p.m. in London, breaching 4.5% for the first time since Labour took office in early July. The 10-year yield was 15 basis points higher, also at 4.5%.

Yields had already risen on Wednesday shortly after the budget announcement by Finance Minister Rachel Reeves, which contained plans for £40 billion ($52 billion) worth of tax hikes and committed to substantially higher borrowing in the coming years.

Yields move in the opposite direction to prices.

"What immediately stands out is just how much borrowing is projected to rise over the next few years," analysts at ING said in a note in response to rising yields on Wednesday.

"We've argued for some time that the government had little choice but to raise real-terms spending. But what has been delivered is undoubtedly higher than many had expected just a few weeks ago."

The analysts cited the independent Office for Budget Responsibility's forecast that borrowing will be on average £36 billion higher each year over the next five fiscal years, given the time it will take for the additional tax revenue to come through.

Despite the big moves this week, the gilt market is remaining relatively stable compared to September 2022, when the U.K. suffered its so-called "mini-budget crisis."

At the time, former Prime Minister Liz Truss of the Conservative Party announced billions in unfunded tax cuts, leading to bond market swings so severe that they threatened to destabilize U.K. pension funds and required emergency intervention from the Bank of England. Truss was forced to reverse the majority of the changes and resigned within weeks.

Analysts had said ahead of the October 2024 budget that such bond market volatility was unlikely to repeat itself, largely because the U.K. inflation has dropped sharply since the Truss era. The latest headline print was 1.7% versus 10.1% during Truss's premiership, which economists said would make markets more tolerant of fiscal expansion.

The British pound — which plunged to an all-time low against the U.S. dollar in the aftermath of the mini-budget — was on Thursday 0.4% lower against the greenback at $1.2908. Sterling was meanwhile down 0.46% against the euro at 2:46 p.m.

The U.K.'s FTSE 100 was 1.04% lower in mid-afternoon deals, mirroring losses in wider European equities.

In a note released early Thursday, Deutsche Bank strategist Jim Reid said the market reaction to the U.K. budget "probably wasn't helped by strong European data pushing up yields on the continent," along with "general upward pressure on U.S. yields as [Donald] Trump looks to have generally improved his standing in the polls in recent weeks."

He noted that the Wednesday budget "was probably two-thirds of the Truss mini-budget in terms of a fiscal easing," but that the higher borrowing is planned in order to increase investment rather than fund tax cuts.

Those investments "aren't expected to bear fruit in growth terms until after the 5 year time horizon," Reid added.

— CNBC's Ganesh Rao contributed to this story