Google Search Operators: The Complete List (44 Advanced Operators)

Google advanced search operators are special commands and characters that filter search results. They do this by making your searches more precise and focused.

For example, the site: operator restricts results to those from a particular site:

In this post, you’ll learn all of Google’s search operators and how to master them for SEO.

Below is a brief description of what every Google search operator does.

I’ve grouped them into three categories:

Here’s the full list:

Working

Unreliable

Not working (officially dropped by Google)

Let’s tackle a few ways to put these operators into action.

My aim here is to show that you can achieve almost anything with Google advanced operators if you know how to use and combine them. So don’t be afraid to play around and deviate from the examples below. You may just discover something new.

Prefer video?

Check out nine actionable Google search operator tips in Sam Oh’s video.

1. Find possible indexing issues

Eyeballing the results of a site: search for your website can uncover potential indexing issues. 

For example, if we combine it with the filetype: operator, we see that this 3D printing company has quite a few PDFs indexed: 

This isn’t a bad thing if it’s intentional, but I have a feeling it isn’t for some of these. 

For instance, its site has a lead-generation landing page for a white paper about the total cost of ownership for 3D printers:

But this PDF is indexed, so you can easily access it without filling in your details:

The site owners should probably add an x-robots noindex tag to solve this.

2. Find and analyze your competitors

Use the related: operator to find websites related to yours, which are often competitors.

You can then use other search operators to investigate these sites further.

For example, if we search for site:moz.com, we can quickly see that it has published a lot of content on its blog, help section, and “SEO Learning Center.”

If we adjust our site: operator to focus on its Learning Center, we can start to get a sense of the type of content published and what it’s about.

In this case, it looks like there are lots of definition-type posts. 

In fact, if we add intitle:("what is"|"what are") to our search, we see 86 matching pages.

However, what Google can’t tell us is whether these pages get any organic traffic. To find that out, we’ll need to use a third-party tool.

If you’re an Ahrefs user:

If you’re not an Ahrefs user, you can use our free traffic checker to check pages one by one:

Both of these methods show that many of its definition-type posts are getting in excess of 20K estimated monthly organic visits. So this could be a good type of content to create if you wanted to attract search traffic in this niche. 

In fact, that’s exactly what we did with our SEO glossary.

Here’s its organic traffic growth over the last few months:

3. Find guest post opportunities

Most people find guest posting opportunities by searching for “write for us” pages in their niche. 

For example, if you have a website about coffee, you can search for something like coffee intitle:"write for us" inurl:write-for-us:

However, as lots of people are using this method, you’ll often end up pitching the same sites as everyone else. For that reason, a better method is to find a serial guest blogger in your niche and look for sites they’ve written for.

You can do this by searching for [topic] inurl:author/[firstname-lastname].

For example, this search finds websites Ryan Stewart has written for:

You can also do this in Ahrefs’ Content Explorer by searching for [topic] author:[firstname lastname"].

The benefit of using Content Explorer over Google is that you can filter the results to focus on high-quality websites. Plus, not every site will use the /author/firstname-lastname/ footprint. 

For example, we can easily filter for posts from websites with a Domain Rating (DR) above 30 and an estimated website traffic of at least 5K per month.

You can even highlight results from domains that haven’t linked to you so you can prioritize getting backlinks from more websites. 

4. Find resource page opportunities

Resource pages curate and link to the best resources on a topic. This makes them great link prospects if you have a fitting resource.

To find them in Google, search for: [topic] intitle:resources inurl:resources.

For example, if you want to build links to a coffee resource, you can search for this:

However, not all of these pages will be worth pitching. You’ll find that some just link to their own resources, so you’ll need to sift through them and pitch the relevant ones.

If you want an even easier way to find resource pages, try this: 

5. Find files you don’t want in Google’s index

You probably don’t want Google to index every file you upload to your website.

For example, if you have PDFs behind lead magnets or content upgrades, you probably want to protect those files to prevent people from finding them on Google.

Let’s use the filetype: operator to check for these on ahrefs.com.

It looks like there’s one PDF indexed, which is an old resource from 2017.

If we were bothered about people finding this (we’re not), we’d want to set this file to noindex with an x-robots header response. 

6. Find the email address of the person you want to reach out to

People often share their email addresses on Twitter, so you can use search operators to find those tweets.

For example, if you wanted to find Tim Soulo’s email address, you could search for any of his tweets that mention the word “email” and “gmail.com” or “ahrefs.com” (as his email address is almost certainly at one of those domains).

If you do this, his email address pops up right away: 

7. Find opportunities to add internal links

Internally linking to important content from other relevant pages on your website can send it more traffic and potentially help it to rank higher in organic search.

For example, let’s say we wanted to add some internal links to our list of SEO tips. 

If we search in Google for site:ahrefs.com/blog "SEO tips", we’ll find blog posts mentioning the phrase “SEO tips” somewhere in their content. 

In this case, we can ignore the first result, as this is the post we want to build internal links to. But there are 99 other results mentioning SEO tips, and many of them are perfect contextual internal link opportunities.

For instance, our guide to creating SEO content has an unlinked mention of “SEO tips,” so this is the perfect opportunity to add an internal link. 

That said, the one downside of using search operators to find internal link opportunities is that they don’t distinguish between linked and unlinked mentions. In other words, they often find opportunities you’ve already taken advantage of.

For example, our search found a mention of “SEO tips” in our list of SEO techniques:

But if we find that mention on the page, we see that it’s already internally linked:

If this happens a lot and you find it frustrating, sign up for a free Ahrefs Webmaster Tools account and try this instead:

You should see a list of opportunities like this: 

It tells you:

8. Find “best” listicles that don’t mention your brand

Let’s say you run an email marketing tool like ConvertKit. 

If you search Google for “best email marketing tools,” you’ll find thousands of results listing top picks:

Given that you probably want to be featured on these lists, it’ll be helpful to see which ones do and don’t mention you already, right? That way, you can reach out to the authors of lists not mentioning your tool and see if you can get them to add you.

Luckily, you can do that by appending your search with -[your business name]:

Alternatively, if you want an even quicker method, you can use Ahrefs’ Content Explorer. 

If you’re not familiar with Content Explorer, it’s a search engine for marketers with an index of over 11 billion pages. You can use this search to find listicles that don’t mention your brand: title:"best [whatever]" -[yourbrand].

For example, if we look for lists of the best email marketing tools that don’t mention ConvertKit, we get 3,182 results:

What makes Content Explorer more convenient than Google is that you can filter the results by things like DR, estimated website and page traffic, and more. Then you can export them in a few clicks.

For example, if we restrict the results to one page per domain and filter for websites with a DR of 30 or more, we narrow things down from 3,182 to 156 pages.

This is a much more manageable number of websites to review and potentially reach out to.

9. Find websites that have reviewed competitors

If a website posts a review of a competitor, chances are it may also be willing to review you.

Here’s how to find competitor reviews: allintitle:review ([competitor 1] OR [competitor 2]).

For example, if we wanted to find reviews of ConvertKit competitors, we could search for this: 

If you like, you can add the after: operator into the mix to find recently published posts. This way, you can focus on pitching websites that you know are still active.

However, all of this is once again easier in Content Explorer because you can filter and export the results more easily. 

Here’s how to run the same search there:

This gives us 2,948 results, which is a lot. So let’s prioritize our list by filtering for pages published in the last 12 months on websites that get at least 1K monthly search visits:

Get alerts for new competitor reviews

Just set up a new “Mentions” alert in Ahrefs Alerts. You can use the same search from Content Explorer and filters for DR and domain traffic too. 

10. Find relevant Quora questions to answer

Quora is a website where people ask questions, contributors post answers, and the best ones get upvoted to the top.

As my colleague, Si Quan Ong, has proven, it’s a great place to build brand awareness. He’s had over 2 million views on his answers and continues to get over 25K views every month despite his recent inactivity:

When it comes to finding questions to answer, Quora’s search function works well. The downside is that you can only search for one topic at once.

As Quora uses the question itself as the URL, you can overcome this problem with this search operator: site:quora.com inurl:([topic 1] | topic 2).

For example, if you have a health and fitness website, you can search for something like this:

If you’re an Ahrefs user, you can even combine this with the SEO Toolbar to overlay traffic estimates on the SERP. That way, you can focus on answering questions that already get organic traffic.

Or if you want an even faster method, try this:

This will give you a list of relevant Quora answers, sorted by their estimated monthly search traffic from high to low.

For example, one of the questions above asks whether it’s better to make a protein shake with milk or water and gets an estimated 792 monthly visits. If you can answer this question well and get upvoted, chances are hundreds of people will see your answer every month.

Even better, as you can include links in your answers, these answers can send some nice referral traffic your way.

11. Find how fast your competitors are publishing new content

Combine the site: operator with before: and/or after: operators to find out how much content any competitor has published in a given time period.

For example, here’s how many posts another SEO blog published in December 2022: 

And here’s how many it published in the whole of 2022:

Just be aware that this operator isn’t always 100% accurate, as it includes updated pages.

For example, the search below returns a post with January 25, 2022, attached to it:

But if we plug that post’s URL into Ahrefs’ Site Explorer, we see that it’s been attracting organic traffic since 2019. So it must have existed long before 2022.

If you’re an Ahrefs user and want a more accurate way to see a competitor’s publishing frequency, run a site: search in Content Explorer and filter for “Pages published once.” 

Final thoughts

Google advanced search operators are super powerful. You just have to know how to use them.

But I have to admit that some are more useful than others, especially when it comes to SEO. I find myself using site:, intitle:, and inurl: often. Yet I rarely use allintitle: and many of the other more obscure operators.

I’d also add that many operators are borderline useless unless paired with another operator, or two, or three.

So do play around with them and let me know what you come up with. 

I’d be more than happy to add any useful combinations you discover to the post. 

Got questions? Ping me on Twitter.